Немедикаментозное лечение дислипидемий: обзор современных методов диетотерапии и нутрицевтики
https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2549
Аннотация
Хорошо известна роль питания в развитии и прогрессировании атеросклероза. Изменение характера питания у пациентов с дислипидемией имеет большое значение, как самостоятельное вмешательство (в группе пациентов низкого и, частично, умеренного сердечно-сосудистого риска), так и в качестве дополнения к лекарственной терапии у лиц более высокого риска.
Настоящий обзор описывает влияние современных методов диетотерапии, а также использования ряда нутрицевтических агентов с точки зрения доказательной медицины.
Об авторах
Н. В. Поленова
ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологий»
Россия
115446, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 21
Россия
115446, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 21
С. Д. Косюра
ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологий»
Россия
115446, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 21
Россия
115446, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 21
Ю. Р. Вараева
ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологий»
Россия
115446, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 21
Россия
115446, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 21
Е. Н. Ливанцова
ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологий»
Россия
115446, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 21
Россия
115446, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 21
А. В. Стародубова
ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологий»
Россия
115446, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 21
Россия
115446, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 21
Список литературы
1. Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G, Wiklund O, Chapman MJ, Drexel H et al. 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias. European Heart Journal. 2016;37(39):2999–3058. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw272
2. Josan K, Majumdar SR, McAlister FA. The efficacy and safety of intensive statin therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2008;178(5):576–84. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.070675
3. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Buck G, Pollicino C et al. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. The Lancet. 2005;366(9493):1267–78. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67394-1
4. Banach M, Jankowski P, Jóźwiak J, Cybulska B, Windak A, Guzik T et al. PoLA/CFPiP/PCS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias for Family Physicians 2016. Archives of Medical Science. 2017;13(1):1–45. DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.64712
5. Boytsov S. A., Pogosova N.V., Bubnova M.G., Drapkina O.M., Gavrilova N.E., Yeganyan R.A. et al. Cardiovascular prevention 2017. National guidelines. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018;23 (6):7–122. [Russian: Бойцов С.А., Погосова Н.В., Бубнова М.Г., Драпкина О.М., Гаврилова Н.Е., Еганян Р.А. и др. Кардиоваскулярная профилактика 2017. Российские национальные рекомендации. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2018;23(6):7–122]. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-6-7-122
6. Ezhov M.V., Sergienko I.V., Aronov D.M., Arabidze G.G., Akhmedzhanov N.M., Bazhan S. S. et al. Diagnostics and correction of lipid metabolism disorders for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Russian recommendations VI revision. Atherosclerosis and Dyslipidemias. 2017;3:5–22. [Russian: Ежов М.В., Сергиенко И.В., Аронов Д.М., Арабидзе Г.Г., Ахмеджанов Н.М., Бажан С.С. и др. Диагностика и коррекция нарушений липидного обмена с целью профилактики и лечения атеросклероза. Российские рекомендации, VI пересмотр. Атеросклероз и дислипидемии. 2017;3:5-22]
7. Grundy SM, Arai H, Barter P, Bersot TP, Betteridge DJ, Carmena R et al. An International Atherosclerosis Society Position Paper: Global recommendations for the management of dyslipidemia. Atherosclerosis. 2014;232(2):410–3. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.031
8. Baranovsky A.Yu. Dietology. 5th edition. -St. Petersburg: Piter; 1104 p. [Russian: Барановский А.Ю. Диетология. 5-е издание. – СПб.: Питер, 2018. – 1104с]. ISBN 978-5-496-02276-7
9. Musunuru K. Atherogenic Dyslipidemia: Cardiovascular Risk and Dietary Intervention. Lipids. 2010;45(10):907–14. DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3408-1
10. Wolfram G, Bechthold A, Boeing H, Ellinger S, Hauner H, Kroke A et al. Evidence-Based Guideline of the German Nutrition Society: Fat Intake and Prevention of Selected Nutrition-Related Diseases. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2015;67(3):141–204. DOI: 10.1159/000437243
11. Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, Albus C, Brotons C, Catapano AL et al. 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts). European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2016;23(11):NP1–96. DOI: 10.1177/2047487316653709
12. Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Svetkey LP, Sacks FM et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1997;336(16):1117–24. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199704173361601
13. Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Harsha D et al. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2001;344(1):3–10. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM200101043440101
14. Obarzanek E, Sacks FM, Vollmer WM, Bray GA, Miller ER, Lin P-H et al. Effects on blood lipids of a blood pressure–lowering diet: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2001;74(1):80–9. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/74.1.80
15. Chiu S, Bergeron N, Williams PT, Bray GA, Sutherland B, Krauss RM. Comparison of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet and a higher-fat DASH diet on blood pressure and lipids and lipoproteins: a randomized controlled trial1–3. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2016;103(2):341–7. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.123281
16. Salehi-Abargouei A, Maghsoudi Z, Shirani F, Azadbakht L. Effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet on fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular diseases—Incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis on observational prospective studies. Nutrition. 2013;29(4):611–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.12.018
17. Castro-Quezada I, Román-Viñas B, Serra-Majem L. The Mediterranean Diet and Nutritional Adequacy: A Review. Nutrients. 2014;6(1):231–48. DOI: 10.3390/nu6010231
18. Martinez-Lacoba R, Pardo-Garcia I, Amo-Saus E, EscribanoSotos F. Mediterranean diet and health outcomes: a systematic meta-review. European Journal of Public Health. 2018;28(5):955–61. DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky113
19. Carlos S, De La Fuente-Arrillaga C, Bes-Rastrollo M, Razquin C, Rico-Campà A, Martínez-González M et al. Mediterranean Diet and Health Outcomes in the SUN Cohort. Nutrients. 2018;10(4):439. DOI: 10.3390/nu10040439
20. Alvarez-Alvarez I, Zazpe I, Pérez de Rojas J, Bes-Rastrollo M, RuizCanela M, Fernandez-Montero A et al. Mediterranean diet, physical activity and their combined effect on all-cause mortality: The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort. Preventive Medicine. 2018;106:45–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.09.021
21. Van Horn L, Carson JAS, Appel LJ, Burke LE, Economos C, Karmally W et al. Recommended Dietary Pattern to Achieve Adherence to the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) Guidelines: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134(22):e505–29. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000462
22. Ros E, Martínez-González MA, Estruch R, Salas-Salvadó J, Fitó M, Martínez JA et al. Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Health: Teachings of the PREDIMED Study. Advances in Nutrition. 2014;5(3):330S-336S. DOI: 10.3945/an.113.005389
23. Dehghan M, Mente A, Zhang X, Swaminathan S, Li W, Mohan V et al. Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2017;390(10107):2050–62. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32252-3
24. Mente A, Dehghan M, Rangarajan S, McQueen M, Dagenais G, Wielgosz A et al. Association of dietary nutrients with blood lipids and blood pressure in 18 countries: a cross-sectional analysis from the PURE study. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2017;5(10):774–87. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30283-8
25. Najjar RS, Moore CE, Montgomery BD. A defined, plant-based diet utilized in an outpatient cardiovascular clinic effectively treats hypercholesterolemia and hypertension and reduces medications. Clinical Cardiology. 2018;41(3):307–13. DOI: 10.1002/clc.22863
26. Appleby PN, Key TJ. The long-term health of vegetarians and vegans. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2016;75(3):287–93. DOI: 10.1017/S0029665115004334
27. Jian Z-H, Chiang Y-C, Lung C-C, Ho C-C, Ko P-C, Ndi Nfor O et al. Vegetarian diet and cholesterol and TAG levels by gender. Public Health Nutrition. 2015;18(4):721–6. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980014000883
28. Kostyuk V.A. Plant polyphenolic compounds as components of functional nutrition. Proceedings Of Belarusian State University. 2016;11(1):32–41. [Russian: Костюк В.А. Растительные полифенольные соединения как компоненты функционального питания. Труды Белорусского государственного университета. 2016;11(1):32–41]
29. Denisenko T.A., Vishnikin A.B., Tsiganok L.P. Reaction features of 18-molibdodiphosphate and folin-ciocalteu reagent with phenolic compounds. Analytics and control. 2015;19(3):242–51. [Russian: Денисенко Т.А., Вишникин А.Б., Цыганок Л.П. Особенности взаимодействия 18-молибдодифосфата и реактива Фолина-Чокальтеу с фенольными соединениями. Аналитика и контроль. 2015;19(3):242-51]
30. Magrone T, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Cocoa and Dark Chocolate Polyphenols: From Biology to Clinical Applications. Frontiers in Immunology. 2017;8:677. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00677
31. Watson RR, Preedy VR, Zibadi S. Polyphenols. mechanisms of action in human health and disease Volume 1 Volume 1. Elsevier; 470 p. ISBN 978-0-12-813007-0
32. Rossi RE, Whyand T, Caplin ME. Benefits of Xanthohumol in Hyperlipidaemia, Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Journal of Obesity and Chronic Diseases. 2019;3(1):14–8. DOI: 10.17756/jocd.2019-023
33. Cicero AFG, Colletti A, Bajraktari G, Descamps O, Djuric DM, Ezhov M et al. Lipid lowering nutraceuticals in clinical practice: position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel. Archives of Medical Science. 2017;13(5):965–1005. DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.69326
34. Houston M. The Role of Nutraceutical Supplements in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia: Dyslipidemia and Nutrititional Supplements. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2012;14(2):121–32. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00576.x
35. Ferguson JJA, Stojanovski E, MacDonald-Wicks L, Garg ML. Fat type in phytosterol products influence their cholesterol-lowering potential: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Progress in Lipid Research. 2016;64:16–29. DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.08.002
36. Laitinen K, Gylling H. Dose-dependent LDL-cholesterol lowering effect by plant stanol ester consumption: clinical evidence. Lipids in Health and Disease. 2012;11(1):140. DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-11-140
37. Rocha VZ, Ras RT, Gagliardi AC, Mangili LC, Trautwein EA, Santos RD. Effects of phytosterols on markers of inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis. 2016;248:76–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.035
38. Kukharchuk V.V., Susekov A.V., Zubareva M.Yu., Gorniakova N.B., Aronov D.M., Akhmedzhanov N.M. et al. Diagnosis and correction of lipid metabolism disorders for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Russian recommendations (IV revision). Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2009;8 (S3):3–58. [Russian: Кухарчук В.В., Сусеков А.В., Зубарева М.Ю., Горнякова Н.Б., Аронов Д.М., Ахмеджанов Н.М. и др. Диагностика и коррекция нарушений липидного обмена с целью профилактики и лечения атеросклероза. Российские рекомендации (IV пересмотр). Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2009;8(S3):3-58]
39. Brown L, Rosner B, Willett WW, Sacks FM. Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary fiber: a meta-analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1999;69(1):30–42. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/69.1.30
40. Kim HJ, Ahn HY, Kwak JH, Shin DY, Kwon Y-I, Oh C-G et al. The effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) supplementation on glucose control in subjects with prediabetes. Food Funct. 2014;5(10):2662–9. DOI: 10.1039/C4FO00469H
41. Mistry P. Natural cholesterol-lowering products: focus on probiotics. British Journal of Community Nursing. 2014;19(Sup11):S14–8. DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2014.19.Sup11.S14
42. Gurevich K.G., Nikityuk D.B., Nikonov E.L., Zaborova V.A., Veselova L.V., Zolnikova O.Yu. The role of probiotics and microbiota in digestion, nutrient and hormone metabolism, and hormonal background maintenance. Prevention Medicine. 2018;21 (3):45–50. [Russian: Гуревич К.Г., Никитюк Д.Б., Никонов Е.Л., Заборова Е.А., Веселова Л.В., Зольникова О.Ю. Роль пробиотиков и микробиоты в пищеварении, метаболизме нутриентов, гормонов и поддержании гормонального фона. Профилактическая медицина. 2018;21(3):45-50]. DOI: 10.17116/profmed201821345
43. Kashukh E.A. Probiotics, metabolism and the functional condition of cardio-vascular system. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Coloproctology. 2016;26(1):8–14. [Russian: Кашух Е.А., Ивашкин В.Т. Пробиотики, метаболизм и функциональное состояние сердечно-сосудистой системы. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии и колопроктологии. 2016;26(1):8-14]
44. Wu Y, Zhang Q, Ren Y, Ruan Z. Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. PLOS ONE. 2017;12(6):e0178868. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178868
45. Gordon RY, Cooperman T, Obermeyer W, Becker DJ. Marked Variability of Monacolin Levels in Commercial Red Yeast Rice Products: Buyer Beware! Archives of Internal Medicine. 2010;170(19):1722–7. DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.382
46. Zhao SP, Liu L, Cheng YC, Shishehbor MH, Liu MH, Peng DQ et al. Xuezhikang, an Extract of Cholestin, Protects Endothelial Function Through Antiinflammatory and LipidLowering Mechanisms in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease. Circulation. 2004;110(8):915–20. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000139985.81163.CE
47. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to monacolin K from red yeast rice and maintenance of normal blood LDL cholesterol concentrations (ID 1648, 1700) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA Journal. 2011;9(7):2304–19. DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2304
48. Gliozzi M, Walker R, Muscoli S, Vitale C, Gratteri S, Carresi C et al. Bergamot polyphenolic fraction enhances rosuvastatin-induced effect on LDL-cholesterol, LOX-1 expression and protein kinase B phosphorylation in patients with hyperlipidemia. International Journal of Cardiology. 2013;170(2):140–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.08.125
49. Mollace V, Scicchitano M, Paone S, Casale F, Calandruccio C, Gliozzi M et al. Hypoglycemic and Hypolipemic Effects of a New Lecithin Formulation of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo- Controlled Study. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets. 2019;19(2):136–43. DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666181203151513
50. Banach M, Patti AM, Giglio RV, Cicero AFG, Atanasov AG, Bajraktari G et al. The Role of Nutraceuticals in Statin Intolerant Patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018;72(1):96–118. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.040
51. Abidi P, Zhou Y, Jiang J-D, Liu J. Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase–Dependent Stabilization of Hepatic Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor mRNA by Herbal Medicine Berberine. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2005;25(10):2170–6. DOI: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000181761.16341.2b
52. Derosa G, Maffioli P, Cicero AF. Berberine on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors: an analysis from preclinical evidences to clinical trials. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 2012;12(8):1113–24. DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.704014
53. Onakpoya I, Spencer E, Heneghan C, Thompson M. The effect of green tea on blood pressure and lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2014;24(8):823–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.01.016
54. Tokede OA, Onabanjo TA, Yansane A, Gaziano JM, Djoussé L. Soya products and serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Nutrition. 2015;114(6):831–43. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515002603
55. Derosa G, D’Angelo A, Romano D, Maffioli P. Response to an oral fat load and effects on lipidprofile, glycemia and high-sensitivity C-reactive proteinafter soybean extract consumption. Archives of Medical Science. 2018;14(4):760–5. DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.70993
56. Shepel’skaya N.R. Phytoestrogens soybeans and their antiandrogenic actions. (Review of literature). Nutritional problem. 2010;3–4:26–31. [Russian: Шепельская Н.Р. Фитоэстрогены сои и их антиандрогенное дейтсвие (обзор литературы). Проблеми харчування. 2010;3-4:26-31. Доступно на: http://www.medved.kiev.ua/web_journals/arhiv/nutrition/2010/3-4_10/str26.pdf]
57. Baraboy V.A. Soy isoflavones: biological activity and application. Biotechnology. 2009;2(3):44–54. [Russian: Барабой В. А. Изофлавоны сои: биологическая активность и применение. Биотехнология. 2009;2(3):44–54]
58. Ledina A.V., Prilepskaya V.N. Phytoestrogens and soy isoflavonoids in the treatment of menopausal syndrome. Pharmateka. 2012;12(245):86–9. [Russian: Ледина А.В., Прилепская В.Н. Фитоэстрогены и изофлавоноиды сои в лечении климактерического синдрома. Фарматека. 2012;12(245):86–9]
59. Eslick GD, Howe PRC, Smith C, Priest R, Bensoussan A. Benefits of fish oil supplementation in hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Cardiology. 2009;136(1):4–16. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.03.092
60. Kralova Lesna I, Suchanek P, Kovar J, Stavek P, Poledne R. Replacement of dietary saturated FAs by PUFAs in diet and reverse cholesterol transport. Journal of Lipid Research. 2008;49(11):2414–8. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M800271-JLR200
61. Preston Mason R. New Insights into Mechanisms of Action for Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Atherothrombotic Cardiovascular Disease. Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 2019;21(1):2. DOI: 10.1007/s11883-019-0762-1
62. van Dijk SJ, Feskens EJ, Bos MB, Hoelen DW, Heijligenberg R, Bromhaar MG et al. A saturated fatty acid–rich diet induces an obesity-linked proinflammatory gene expression profile in adipose tissue of subjects at risk of metabolic syndrome. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2009;90(6):1656–64. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27792
63. Hooper L, Martin N, Abdelhamid A, Davey Smith G. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015;6:CD011737. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011737
64. Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, Ketchum SB et al. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2019;380(1):11–22. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812792
65. ASCEND Study Collaborative Group, Bowman L, Mafham M, Wallendszus K, Stevens W, Buck G et al. Effects of n-3 Fatty Acid Supplements in Diabetes Mellitus. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2018;379(16):1540–50. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1804989
66. Juonala M, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT. Main findings from the prospective Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study: Current Opinion in Lipidology. 2013;24(1):57–64. DOI: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e32835a7ed4
67. Starodubova A.V., Pavlovskaya E.V., Strokova T.V., Surkov A.G. The efficiency of diet therapy of obesity in girls. Pediatrics. Journal named after G.N. Speransky. 2014;93 (5):61–6. [Russian: Стародубова А.В., Павловская Е.В., Строкова Т.В., Сурков А.Г. Эффективность диетотерапии ожирения у девушек. Педиатрия. Журнал им Г.Н. Сперанского. 2014;93(5):61-6]
68. Gooding HC, Rodday AM, Wong JB, Gillman MW, Lloyd-Jones DM, Leslie LK et al. Application of Pediatric and Adult Guidelines for Treatment of Lipid Levels Among US Adolescents Transitioning to Young Adulthood. JAMA Pediatrics. 2015;169(6):569–74. DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0168
69. Guardamagna O, Cagliero P, Abello F. Management of Inherited Atherogenic Dyslipidemias in Children: Children Atherogenic Dyslipidemia. Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis. 2013;17(2):150–61. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-9987.2012.01146.x
70. Hartiala O, Magnussen CG, Kajander S, Knuuti J, Ukkonen H, Saraste A et al. Adolescence Risk Factors Are Predictive of Coronary Artery Calcification at Middle Age. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2012;60(15):1364–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.05.045
Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Поленова Н.В., Косюра С.Д., Вараева Ю.Р., Ливанцова Е.Н., Стародубова А.В. Немедикаментозное лечение дислипидемий: обзор современных методов диетотерапии и нутрицевтики. Кардиология. 2019;59(7S):4-14. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2549
For citation:
Polenova N.V., Kosura S.D., Varaeva Yu.R., Livancova E.N., Starodubova A.V. Non-pharmaceutical treatment of dyslipidemia: review of current methods of diet and nutraceuticals. Kardiologiia. 2019;59(7S):4-14. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2549
Просмотров: 2210
Послать статью по эл. почте 
Оставить комментарий 